Determination of initiating and critical stress levels in compressed plain and high-strength concrete by acoustic methods
Abstract
New criteria suitable for determining the levels of initiating stress σi and critical stress σcr in plain and high-strength concrete under compression by acoustic materials testing methods have been established. Also the criteria known from the literature on the subject have been verified. On the basis of the author's own research results obtained by the ultrasonic method and the acoustic emission (AE) method the limits of the applicability of the two above methods have been determined. The new criteria, classified according to their suitability for plain concrete or high-strength concrete, have been defined using such descriptors as: the velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic waves, AE counts, the rate of AE counts, the energy of short AE impulses and the RMS value of AE.References
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[2] A.M. Brandt et al., Cracking and failure mechanism in concrete-like composites [in Polish], [in:] Mechanical Properties and Structure of Concrete Composites, PAN, Ossolineum, Warszawa 1974, 163–209.
[3] S. Mimdess and J.F. Young, Concrete, Prentice-Hall, 1981.
[4] T. Godycki-Cwirko, Mechanics of concrete [in Polish], Arkady, Warszawa 1982.
[5] A.M. Brandt, Experimental fracture mechanics as applied to test composites with cement matrices [in Polish], [in:] Mechanics of Concrete-Like Composites, PAN, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1983, 449– 501.
[6] S. Mindess, Application of failure mechanics to cement slurry, mortar and concrete [in Polish], [in:] Mechanics of Concrete-Like Composites, A.M. Brandt [Ed.], Polish Academy of Sciences, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1983, 377–407.
[7] K. Furtak, Bearing capacity of normal cross-sections in flexural reinforced concrete elements subjected to variable loading with reference to bridges [in Polish], Scientific Papers of Cracow Polytechnic, No. 4, Cracow 1985.
[8] B. Biliszczuk, Concrete — a material for bridge building [in Polish], Scientific Papers of the Institute of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Wrocław, No. 32, Monographs, No. 10, 1986.
[9] J. Kasperkiewicz [Ed.], Structure and properties of concrete and concrete-like composites. State of knowledge in Poland [in Polish], PWN, Warszawa 1989.
[10] D.C. Spooner and J.W. Dougill, A quantitative assessment of damage sustained in concrete during compressive loading, Magazine of Concrete Research, 27, 92, 151–160 (1975).
[11] S.P. Shah and S. Chandra, Critical stress, volume change and microcracking of concrete, ACI Journal, 65, 9, 770–781 (1968).
