Cardiovascular diagnosis with frequency spectral analysis (FSA) and continuous wave doppler (CWD)

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Authors

  • Merrill P. SPENCER Institute of Applied Physiology and Medicine, United States

Abstract

This report reviews how the combined use of continuous wave Doppler ultrasound and frequency spectral analysis from the fast Fourier transform provides a useful means of finding and analysing non invasively a wide range of cardiovascular diagnostic information. Reliance is placed on the frequency resolution capability of CWD to follow increased velocities in arteries produced by arterial and cardiac value stenosis, valve regurgitations, congenital heart septal defects and arteriovenous shunts. The ability to detect turbulence energies simultaneously with high velocities "on line" with a video reproducable format improves and hastens the diagnosis. Quantitation of stenotic lesion is possible in terms of effective lumen diameter and pressure drop produced by the blood flow. Cardiac output and changes in stroke volume can also be computed.

References

[1] M. P. SPENCER, R. E. HILEMAN, Cardiac diagnosis with directional CW Doppler and FFT color video spectral display, J. Ultra. Med, 1, 117 (1982).

[2] M. P. SPENCER, W. J. ZWIEBEL, Frequency spectrum analysis in Doppler diagnosis, chapter 8, in: Introduction to vascular ultrasonography, W. J. ZWIEBEL (ed.), Grune Stratton, New York 1982.

[3] M. P. SPENCER, J. M. REID, Cerebrovascular evaluation with Doppler ultrasound, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague-Boston-London, 1981.

[4] M. P. SPENCER, J. M. REID, D. L. Davis, P. S. PAULSON, Cervical carotid imaging with a continuous wave Doppler flowmeter, Stroke, 5, 145-154 (1974).