Abstract
Transportation noise is a main source of noise pollution. It is assumed that it consists of recognizable noise events which come from moving aircrafts, trains and boats. The noise of an isolated sound event is assessed by the sound exposure level, $L_{AE}$. Much legislation and many regulations and guidelines employ the A-weighted time-average sound level, $L_{Aeq,T}$, with the time interval $T$ of one hour or longer. $L_{AE}$ measurements enable an approximation of $L_{Aeq,T}$. The key point is the uncertainty of this approximation. It has been shown that an increase in the number of $L_{AE}$ categories brings about a decrease in uncertainty. For illustrative purposes, $L_{AE}$ measurements of aircrafts taking off and landing were carried out.Keywords:
noise propagation.References
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2. Babisch W., Houthuijs D., Pershagen G., Cadum E., Katsouyanni K., Velonakis M., Dudley M., Marohn H., Swart W., Breugelmans O., Bluhm G., Selander J., Vigna-Taglianti F., Pisani S., Haralabidis A., Dimakopoulou K., Zachos I., J¨arup L., HYENA Consortium (2009), Annoyance due to aircraft noise has increased over the years-result of the HYENA study, Environmental International, 35, 1169–1176.
3. Caligiuri L.M. (2007), The evaluation of uncertainty in environmental acoustic measurements according to the ISO Guide, Noise Control Eng. J., 55, 116–132.
4. Cramer H. (1999), Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
5. ISO 1996-1. Acoustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise – Part 1: Basic quantities and assessment procedures, 2003. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
6. ISO, Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to expression of uncertainty in measurements, JCGM 100, 2008.
7. Kephalopoulos S., Paviotti K., Knauss D., Berengier M. (2007), Uncertainties in long-term road noise monitoring including meteorological influences, Noise Control Eng. J., 55, 133–141.
8. Makarewicz R., Zółtowski M. (2008), Variations of road traffic noise in residential areas, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 24, 3568–3575.
9. Murphy E., King E., Rice H. (2009), Estimation human exposure to transportation noise in central Dublin, Environment International, 35, 298–302.
10. Pirrera S., De Valck E., Cluydts R. (2010), Nocturnal road tarffic noise: A review on its assessment and consequences on sleep and health, Environment International, 36, 492–498.
11. Survey of legislation, regulations, and guidelines for control of community noise, Technical Study Group on Noise Policies and Regulations (TSG 3), July, 2009.
