Abstract
This article shows acoustic measurements from Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic, located in the Arctic Ocean. The aim of the research was to show the Svalbard soundscape as well as to record and analyse the spatial-temporal dynamics of the acoustic environment, the human impact on the soundscape and to collect baseline data for future comparative research. Svalbard is interesting for many science disciplines because it has an arctic climate and, at the same time, it is relatively easily accessible. Climatologists, geologists, glaciologists, biologists and even anthropologists could find interesting themes to investigate here. Additionally, the soundscape of Spitsbergen is worthy of detailed examination. This paper presents comparative analysis of the soundscape of various spots near Longyearbyen in Management Area 10. The soundscape analysis of selected valleys shows the strong influence of human activity on the soundscape as well as the variability and characteristic features of the natural Arctic soundscape.Keywords:
Arctic soundscape, soundscape analysis, Svalbard, Spitsbergen, LongyearbyenReferences
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2. Blauert J., Rabenstein R. (2012), Providing surround sound with loudspeakers: a synopsis of current methods, Archives of Acoustics, 37, 1, 5–18.
3. Czopek D., Małecki P., Piechowicz J., Wiciak J. (2018), Acoustic environment of Spitsbergen – selected issues [in Polish: Środowisko akustyczne Spitsbergenu – wybrane zagadnienia], The AGH University of Science and Technology Press, Cracow.
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5. Farina A. (2014), Soundscape ecology: principles, patterns, methods and applications, Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht–New York.
6. Głowacki O., Deane G.B., Moskalik M., Blondel Ph., Tęgowski J., Błaszczyk M. (2015), Underwater acoustic signatures of glacier calving, Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 3, 804–812.
7. ISO 12913-1 (2014), Acoustics – Soundscape – Part 1: Definition and conceptual framework, International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland.
8. Krause B., Gage S.H., Joo W. (2011), Measuring and interpreting the temporal variability in the soundscape at four places in Sequoia National Park, Landscape Ecology, 26, 9, 1247.
9. Maciejowski W. (2017), Tourist attractions and forms of tourism in the Svalbard archipelago (Norway) [in Polish: Walory turystyczne i formy turystyki w archipelagu Svalbard (Norwegia)], [in:] Studies on tourism. Geographical and regional works [in Polish: Studia nad turystyką. Prace geograficzne i regionalne], pp. 123–134, Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Krakow, 35–39.
10. Olson S., Reid P. [Eds.], (2013), Protecting national park soundscapes, National Academies Press.
11. Pijanowski B.C. et al. (2011), Soundscape Ecology: The Science of Sound in the Landscape, BioScience, 61, 3, 203–216.
12. Schafer R.M. (1970), The book of noise, Price Print, Vancouver.
13. Schafer R.M. (1973), The music of the environment, Universal Edition.
14. Schafer R.M. (1977), The tuning of the world, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
15. Szczucka J. (2011), Noise of diving arctic birds, Hydroacoustics, 14, 229–236.
16. Szczucka J., Hoppe Ł., Schmidt B., Fey D.P. (2017), Acoustical estimation of fish distribution and abundance in two Spitsbergen fjords, Oceanology, 59, 4, 585–591.
17. Tegowski J., Deane G.B., Lisimenka A., Blondel Ph. (2012), Spectral and statistical analyses of ambient noise in Spitsvergen Fjords and identification of glacier calving events, [in:] Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, pp. 1667–1672.
18. TopoSvalbard (n.d.), http://toposvalbard.npolar.no.
19. Vinogradov Y., Kremenetskaya E. (2013), Infrasound research in Spitsbergen, [in:] EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 15.
20. Visit Svalbard (n.d.), www.visitsvalbard.no.
21. Wierzbicki J., Małecki P., Wiciak J. (2013), Localization of the Sound Source with the Use of the First-order Ambisonic Microphone, Acta Physica Polonica A, 123, 6, 1114–1117.
