Abstract
For the purpose of making of a solid body of an electric guitar the acoustic- and mechanical properties of walnut- (Juglans regia L.) and ash wood (Fraxinus excelsior L.) were researched. The acoustic properties were determined in a flexural vibration response of laboratory conditioned wood elements of 430 × 186 × 42.8 mm used for making of a solid body of an electric guitar. The velocity of shear- and compression ultrasonic waves was additionally determined in parallel small oriented samples of 80 × 40 × 40 mm. The research confirmed better mechanical properties of ash wood, that is, the larger modulus of elasticity and shear modules in all anatomical directions and planes. The acoustic quality of ash wood was better only in the basic vibration mode. Walnut was, on the other hand, lighter and more homogenous and had lower acoustic- and mechanic anisotropy. Additionally, reduced damping of walnut at higher vibration modes is assumed to have a positive impact on the vibration response of future modelled and built solid bodies of electric guitars. When choosing walnut wood, better energy transfer is expected at a similar string playing frequency and a structure resonance of the electric guitar.Keywords:
wood, acoustic properties, mechanical anisotropy, electric guitarReferences
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2. Brémaud I., Kaim E., Guibal D., Minato K., Thibaut B., Gril J. (2012), Characterization and categorization of the diversity of viscoelastic vibrational properties between 98 wood types, Annals of Forest Science, 69, 373–386.
3. Bucur V. (1988), Wood strutural anisotropy estimated by invariants. International Association Wood Anatomists Bulletin, 9, 1, 67–74.
4. Bucur V. (2006), Acoustics of wood, Springer Series in Wood Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
5. Divos F., Tanaka T. (2005), Relation between static and dynamic modulus of elasticity of wood, Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica, 1, 105–110.
6. Fleischer H., Zwicker T. (1998), Mechanical vibrations of electrical guitars, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 84, 758–765.
7. Fleischer H., Zwicker T. (1999), Investigating of dead spots of electric guitars, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 85, 128–135.
8. Issanchou C., Le Carrou J., Touze C., Fabre B., Doare O. (2018), String/frets contacts in the electric bass sound: Simulations and experiments, Applied Acoustics, 129, 217–228.
9. Lähdevaara J. (2014), The science of electric guitars and guitars electronics, Lähdevaara, Helsinki.
10. Mania P., Fabisiak E., Skrodzka E. (2015), Differences in the modal and structural parameters of resonance and non-resonance wood of spruce, Acta Physica Polonica, 127, 110–113.
11. Mania P., Fabisiak E., Skrodzka E. (2017), Investigation of modal behaviour of resonance spruce wood samples (Picea abies L.), Archives of Acoustics, 42, 1, 23–28.
12. Mohamaad Z., Dixon S. (2015), Digitally moving and electric guitar pickup, [In:] 18th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects, Trondheim, November 30th, 2015, pp. 1–8.
13. Obataya E., Ono T., Norimoto M. (2000), Vibrational properties of wood along the grain, Journal of Materials Science, 35, 2993–3001.
14. Pate A., Le Carrou J., Benoit F. (2015), Modal parameter variability in industrial electric guitar making: Manufacturing process, wood varibility, and lutherie decisions, Applied Acoustics, 96, 118–131.
15. Pate A., Le Carrou J., Fabre B. (2013), Ebony vs. rosewood: Experimental investigation about the influence of the fingerboard on the sound of a solid body electric guitar, [In:] Stockholm Musical Acoustics Conference, Stockholm, 2013, University of Stockholm, pp. 182–187.
16. Pate A., Le Carrou J., Fabre B. (2014), Predicting the decay time of solid body guitar tones, Journal of Acoustic Society of America, 135, 5, 3045–3055.
17. Pate A., Le Carrou J., Navarret B., Dubois D., Fabre B. (2012), A vibro-acustical and perceptive study of the neck-to-body junction of solid-body electric guitar, [In:] Acoustics, Nantes, 2012, University of Nantes, pp. 1–6.
18. Pfriem A. (2015), Thermally modified wood for use in musical instruments, Drvna Industrija, 66, 3, 251–253.
19. Puszynski J. (2014), String-wood feedback in electrics string instruments, Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 85, 196–199.
20. Puszynski J., Molinski W., Preis A. (2015), The effect of wood on the sound quality of electric string instruments, Acta Physica Polonica, 127, 114–116.
21. Puszynski J., Warda M. (2014), Possibilities of using the thermally modifid wood in the electric string instruments, Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 85, 200–204.
22. Roohnia M., Tajdini A., Manouchehri N. (2011), Assessing wood in sounding boards considering the ratio of acoustical anisotropy, NDT&E International, 44, 13–20.
23. Skrodzka E., Krupa A., Rosenfeld E., Linde B.J. (2009), Mechanical and optical investigation of dynamic behaviour of violins at modal frequencies, Applied Optics, 48, 7, 165–170.
24. Skrodzka E., Linde B.J., Krupa A. (2014), Effect of Bass Tension on Modal Parameters of a Violin's Top Plate, Archives of Acoustics, 39, 1, 145–149.
25. Skrodzka E., Linde B.J., Rosenfeld E. (2011), Modal parameters of two incomplete guitars differing in the bracing pattern of the soundboard, Journal of the Accoustical Society of America, 130, 4, 2186–2194.
26. Sprossmann R., Zauer M., Pfriem A. (2013), Regarding the influence of wood species in necks of bass guitars on the vibrational and acoustic behaviour, Holztechnologie, 54, 19–25.
27. Straže A., Mitkovski B., Tippner J., Čufar K., Gorišek Ž. (2015), Structural and acoustic properties of African padouk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) wood for xylophones, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 73, 235–243, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-015-0878-0.
28. Wagenführ R. (2007), Holzatlas, Hanser, Berlin.
29. Zauer M., Kowalewski A., Sprossmann R., Stonjek H., Wagenfuhr A. (2015), Thermal modification of European beech at relatively mild temperatures for the use in electric bass guitars, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74, 1, 43–49.
30. Zauer M., Sprossmann R., Wagenfuhr A. (2014), Improvement of the acoustic properties of European beech to substitute hard maple for the use in musical instruments, [In:] ECWM7, Lisbon, 2014.
31. Žveplan E., Straže A. (2017), Acoustic properties of beech wood after hydrothermal treatment, Les/Wood, 66, 2, 5–14.
